National report on the regulatory system of environmental and energy policies: Spain

An extract from Deliverable 3.2 “National reports on the regulatory system of environmental and energy policies”

Spain's retrofitting initiatives have been heavily influenced by EU regulations, particularly the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). The introduction of the Technical Building Code (CTE) and Climate Change and Energy Transition Law (2021) set minimum energy performance standards, while programs such as PREE (Programa de Rehabilitación Energética de Edificios) and tax incentives have provided financial support for energy renovations. However, disparities persist in regional implementation, and there is evidence that retrofitting can contribute to gentrification, making housing less affordable for lower-income residents.