Comparative report on the regulatory systems of environmental and energy policies - Deliverable 3.3

Deliverable 3.3 

This report highlights the flexibility versus constraints of national and local policies in delivering the different streams of EU Green Deal policies, namely housing retrofitting, densification and Nature based Solutions (NbS). The report further provides a basis for formulating recommendations on EU Green Deal policies and how such policies can minimise social and housing externalities. The three policy domains, as part of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies aimed at climate and environmental targets, show distinct yet parallel temporal waves. Retrofitting emerged in response to the 1970s oil crisis; densification evolved from early post-war efforts to contain urban sprawl in the 1950s to acquire market prominence in the 90s; NbS's spread in the early 2000s thanks to guidelines and the international circulation of models.